#MACBOOK ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM PLUS#
The firstīlock contains the nonce plus some formatting This input is formatted as a sequence of blocks B 0 through B r. Includes the nonce, the associated data, and the plaintext. This is a unique value that is different for every instance during the lifetime of a proto- col association and is intended to prevent replay attacks A nonce N that is assigned to the payload and Header that must be transmitted in the clear for proper protocol operation but which needs to be authenticated.ģ. Associated data A that will be authenticated but not encrypted. This is the plaintext message P of data block.Ģ. That will be both authenticated and encrypted. The input to the CCM encryption process consists of three elements.
#MACBOOK ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM MAC#
A single key K is used for both encryption and MAC algorithms.
The AES encryption algorithm (Chapter 5), the CTR mode of operation (ChapterĦ), and the CMAC authentica- tion algorithm (Section 12.6). The key algorithmic ingredients of CCM are CCM is a variation of the encrypt-and-MAC approach to authenticated encryption. Wireless local area networks (Chapter 17), but can be used in any networking application requiring authenticatedĮncryption. Of operation was standardized by NIST specifically to support the security This is the goal of the two approaches discussed in this section, both of which have been standardized by NIST.Ĭounter with Cipher Block Chaining-Message Authentication Nevertheless, with proper design, any of these approaches can provide a high level of security. Point out that there security concerns in each of the three encryption/MAC approaches listed above. This approach had fundamental weaknesses and led to the replacement of the WEP proto. The HtE approach is used in the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol to protect WiFi networks. There are security vulnerabilities with all of these approaches. MtE, and E&M, decrypt first, then verify.įor EtM, verify first, then decrypt. This approach is used by the SSH protocol (Chapter 16). These operationsĬan be performed in either order. Encrypt the message to yield the ciphertextĪuthenticate the plaintext with T = MAC( K 1, M) to yield the pair ( C, T). This approach is used in the IPsec protocol (Chapter 19). ThenĮncrypt the message plus tag: E( K 2, ( M || T). First authenticate the plaintext byĬomputing the MAC value as T = MAC( K 1, M). First compute the cryptographic hash function overĪs h = H ( M). discussed four common approaches to providing both confidential. Many applications and protocols require bothįorms of security, but until recently the two services have been designed Authenticated encryption (AE) is a term used to describeĮncryption systems that simultaneously protect confidentiality and authenticity
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